Patterns of Clinical Trial Enrollment for Pediatric Patients With Hepatoblastoma and Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group

Monterroso PS, Lucht S, Sample JM, Trobaugh-Lotrario AD, Parsons HM, Turcotte LM, Van Riper D, Poynter JN, Marcotte EL. Patterns of Clinical Trial Enrollment for Pediatric Patients With Hepatoblastoma and Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group. Cancer Med. 2025 Apr;14(7):e70692. doi: 10.1002/cam4.70692. PMID: 40151009; PMCID: PMC11950632.

Published childhood cancer studies have observed differences in therapeutic trial enrollment by race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status (SES), and age at diagnosis. Our study investigates patterns of enrollment for pediatric oncology clinical trials. We analyzed differences in Children’s Oncology Group clinical trial enrollment in a cohort of pediatric patients with hepatoblastoma (n = 212) and Wilms tumor (n = 1107). Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated for trial enrollment by patient characteristics. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were estimated to examine associations between characteristics and three outcomes (therapeutic trial [referent], exclusively non‐therapeutic study, no trial or study). Statistical significance tests were two‐sided.